غزوات نبوی صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم

Life of Hadrat Muhammad( SAw) birth to death

Prophet Muhammad (c. 570 – June 8, 632 CE) was the religious, political, and military leader who founded Islam, and is revered by Muslims as the final messenger and prophet of God (Allah).

Earily life of Hazrt Muhammad SAW

Muhammad was born around the year 570 CE to the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe, one of Mecca’s prominent families. His father, Abdullah, died almost six months before Muhammad was born. According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad was sent to live with a Bedouin family in the desert, as desert life was considered healthier for infants. Muhammad stayed with his foster mother, Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb, and her husband until he was two years old. At the age of six, Muhammad lost his biological mother, Amina, to illness and was raised by his paternal grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, until he died when Muhammad was eight. He then came under the care of his uncle Abu Talib, the new leader of Banu Hashim.

 

Teenage Lif of Hazrat Muhammad SAW

During his teenage years, Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) lived in Mecca under the care of his uncle, Abu Talib. He worked as a shepherd to help support his family and joined trade journeys. He stayed away from bad habits and earned a strong reputation for honesty and trust.

His Trading journey 

Before his prophetic mission, Prophet Muhammad built a prominent career as an honest and successful merchant in pre-Islamic Arabia. His trading journey spanned from early childhood mentorship under his uncle to leading major commercial caravans, earning him the lifelong title Al-Amin (The Trustworthy).

His Early trading

Prophet Muhammad went on his first trade journey to Syria at the age of 12. He traveled with his uncle, Abu Talib, as part of a Meccan merchant caravan. During this trip to Busra, a Christian monk named Bahira recognized signs of future prophethood in him.

His second journey 

Prophet Muhammad’s second major trade journey occurred when he was 25 years old. He managed a commercial caravan to Syria (Sham) on behalf of the wealthy and noble merchant Hazrat Khadija (RA), accompanied by her servant Maysarah. His exceptional honesty and success led to a marriage proposal from Hazrat Khadija.

 

First Marriage of Hazrat Muhammad SAW and family 

Prophet Muhammad (SAW) married his first wife, the noble and wealthy merchant Khadija bint Khuwaylid, in 595 CE when he was 25 and she was in her prime, living a completely monogamous, deeply devoted life with her for 24 years until her passing, during which they were blessed with six children: two sons, Qasim and Abdullah, who both passed away in infancy, and four daughters—Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatimah.

After the death of his first wife Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, Prophet Muhammad married several other women. His second wife was Sawdah bint Zam'ah, followed by Aisha, Hafsah, and others.

Wives After Khadija

Sawdah bint Zam'ah:The second wife, married in 619 CE.

Aisha bint Abi Bakr: Married in 620 CE.

Hafsah bint Umar: Married in 625 CE.

Zaynab bint Khuzayma: Married in 625 CE.

Hind bint Abi Umayya (Umm Salamah): Married in 625 CE.

Zaynab bint Jahsh: Married in 627 CE.

Juwayriya bint al-Harith: Married in 628 CE.

Ramla bint Abi Sufyan (Umm Habibah): Married in 628 CE.

Safiyya bint Huyayy: Married in 629 CE.

Maymunah bint al-Harith: Married in 629 CE.

First Devine Revelation 

In Islam, the exact date of Muhammad's first revelation is disputed, but it is generally believed by Muslims to have occurred in 610. According to Islam, while isolating at the Cave of Hira during a retreat to Jabal al-Nour near Mecca, Muhammad was visited by the angel Gabriel, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would become known as the Quran.[1] Thus, at the age of 40,when the Angel Jibril (Gabriel) commanded him to recite the first five verses of Surah Al-Alaq (Chapter 96): "Read in the name of your Lord who created, created man from a clinging substance. Read, and your Lord is the Most Generous, who taught by the pen, taught man that which he knew not." Muhammad's religious career as the "Seal of the Prophets" and begun. The revelation of the Quran was completed in 632 CE, marking the end of a 23-year period, while its final book compilation and standardization took place between 633 CE and 652 CE.

Following the completion of the Quranic revelation during the Farewell Pilgrimage in 632 CE, where the verse declaring the perfection of the religion was revealed, Prophet Muhammad returned to Medina and spent his final months focusing on consolidating the Islamic state, guiding the ummah(ummat).

Migration Mecca to Madina 

The Hijrah in 622 CE was the historic migration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina to escape severe tribal persecution, marking the birth of the first independent Muslim community and the start of the Islamic calendar.The journey of the Hijrah began when the leaders of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca plotted to assassinate the Prophet Muhammad as Islam continued to gain traction and his followers faced escalating abuse. Alerted by divine revelation, the Prophet slipped out of his home undetected, leaving Ali bin Abi Talib behind to return people's entrusted belongings, and embarked on the treacherous desert journey accompanied only by his loyal close companion, Abu Bakr. Instead of taking the direct northern route to Yathrib (later renamed Medina), they moved south and sought refuge inside the dark cavern of Mount Thawr. There they remained hidden for three days while Quraysh search parties scoured the surrounding terrain. Miraculously protected by divine intervention—including a spider's web and a nesting dove at the cave's entrance that convinced trackers no one had entered—the pair eventually emerged when the pursuit slowed down. Guided along unfamiliar coastal paths by a skilled scout named Abdullah bin Urayqit, they pressed on through the harsh, arid wilderness toward the welcoming oasis of Yathrib. When they finally reached Quba on the outskirts of the city in September 622 CE, they were greeted with immense joy, songs of praise, and immense relief by both the local Ansar (helpers) and the Muhajirun (emigrants) who had arrived before them. This momentous relocation transformed a small, persecuted religious group into a unified socio-political force, fundamentally altering the course of world history and establishing a vibrant sanctuary where faith could flourish freely. 

After migrating from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib) in 622 CE (an event known as the Hijrah), Prophet Muhammad's life shifted from facing severe persecution to building a thriving, organized society. Medina became the center of Islam, where he established a peaceful community, united warring tribes, and laid down the foundations of an Islamic state.

 

How is Muhammad described in the Quran?

The Quran describes Prophet Muhammad as a human messenger, the final prophet, and a mercy to the world. It gives very few details about his early life, but focuses instead on his noble character, his duties, and his status before God. His proper name is mentioned four times in the text (such as in Surah Ali 'Imran 3:144 and Surah Al-Ahzab 33:40), while an alternate form, Ahmad, is mentioned once (61:6). He is also addressed through various titles like "Messenger" (Rasul), "Prophet" (Nabi), and "the unlettered one" (Al-Ummi).

Death off Hazeat Muhammad SAW

Prophet Muhammad passed away on June 8, 632 CE (12th of Rabi' al-Awwal, 11 AH) at the age of 63 in Medina. Following his final pilgrimage, he suffered from a severe fever and head pain for nearly two weeks. As his condition worsened, he moved to the room of his wife Aisha, giving final instructions about prayer and treating others justly. In his final moments, with his head resting on Aisha's chest, he raised his hand, spoke his last words asking to join the "highest companion" (al-Rafiq al-A'la), and peacefully expired, leaving the early Muslim community in profound grief until Abu Bakr consoled them.